Author: Florin

Panică sau lipotimie?

Florin

Simptome, cauze, recomandări

panica_lipotimie

Cauze:

Lipotimia poate apărea pe fond emoţional la persoanele hipersensibile (în fobiile de ace/plăgi/sânge), în urma compresiei sinusului carotidian (în condiţiile unei hipersensibilităţi a acestuia), din cauza stimulării nervului pneumogastric (după o masă copioasă, de exemplu), ca urmare a unei hipotensiuni ortostatice (la ridicarea bruscă în picioare, la statul în picioare) sau ca efect secundar al unor medicamente cardiace.

Panica survine exclusiv pe fond afectiv, ca reacţie la un stimul intern perceput ca ameninţător (o extrasistolă, de exemplu). Totuşi, simptomatologia panicii se poate instala pe fondul unei tulburări endocrine (hipertiroidism), ca reacţie secundară la unele medicamente sau în urma consumului unor substanţe psihoactive.

*Luate în sine, ambele simptomatologii sunt benigne în marea majoritate a cazurilor. În comorbiditate cu alte tulburări (cardiace, circulatorii etc.), pot prezenta un risc ridicat de fatalitate.

Complicaţii:

Lipotimia uneori poate evolua în sincopă (leşin) care poate cauza leziuni cerebrale ireversibile sau deces, în funcţie de durată.

Panica persistentă netratată evoluează aproape întotdeauna în agorafobie, intervenţiile fiind din ce în ce mai dificile, odată cu trecerea timpului.

NOTĂ: Dacă experimentezi astfel de simptome, mergi la medic!!! Pentru atacul de panică, psihoterapia este întotdeauna secundară diagnosticului medical diferenţial (de excludere a altor tulburări).

Why knowing about the negative health impacts of tobacco does not prevent smokers from lighting up

Florin

What if the use of a product influenced your perception of it, making you even more susceptible to its positive aspects and altering your understanding of its drawbacks? This is precisely what happens with cigarettes in chronic smokers, according to a recent study by the Institut universitaire en sante mentale de Montreal and Universite de Montreal.

The study showed that chronic smokers have altered emotional reactions when they are exposed to negative and positive images associated with tobacco. “We observed a bias depending on how smoking is portrayed “, explained Le-Anh Dinh-Williams, a student at the Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal and the study’s first author. “For example, the brains of the smokers in our study were more aroused by images that showed smoking in a positive light than by images that encouraged them to stop. They were also more affected by aversive non-smoking related images than by images of the specific negative consequences of smoking.”

In Canada and the United States, approximately 20% of adults smoke cigarettes despite knowing its adverse effects. “We wanted to understand why knowing about the negative health impacts of tobacco does not prevent smokers from lighting up,” explained Ms. Dinh-Williams.

Approximately 70% to 95% of smokers who quit their bad habit will, despite their best efforts, start smoking again within one year. “Many factors make it difficult for people to quit. Part of the explanation could certainly be because cigarettes ‘trick’ the brains of smokers,” stated Stéphane Potvin, a co-author of the study and researcher at the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal and Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at Université de Montréal. “Specifically, we discovered that the brain regions associated with motivation are more active in smokers when they see pleasurable images associated with cigarettes and less active when smokers are confronted with the negative effects of smoking.”

Using neuroimaging techniques, the study researchers compared the emotional reactions of 30 smokers as they looked at aversive smoking-related images (e.g., lung cancer) compared to other aversive images (e.g., an old man on his deathbed) as well as appetitive smoking-related images.

Statistics

  • Smokers have a 3 to 9 times greater risk of developing cancer, lung disease or heart problems. Cigarettes are also associated with fertility problems, premature aging, a lack of hygiene and social stigmatization, and they have a negative impact on the health of other people who are exposed to second-hand smoke.
  • Overall, 1 out of 2 smokers will die from tobacco use.

SURSA:

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/